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While the first weapons were developed primarily out of fear that Nazi Germany would develop them first, they were eventually used against the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945. The Soviet Union writers developed and tested their first nuclear weapon in 1949, based partially on information obtained from Soviet espionage in the United States. Both the USA and USSR would go on to develop weapons powered by nuclear fusion (hydrogen bombs) by the mid-1950s. With writers the invention of reliable rocketry during the 1960s, it became possible for nuclear weapons to be delivered anywhere in the world on a very short notice, and the two Cold War superpowers adopted a strategy of deterrence to maintain a shaky peace. Nuclear weapons were symbols of military and national power, and nuclear testing was often used both to test new designs as well as to send political messages.
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